What are the specialized cell features of a neuron or nerve cell?

In addition to formation of axons and dendrites, the main feature would be the ability to conduct electrical information and release neurotransmitters. The cell and axon maintain a charge separation that is lost/reversed when the nerve is activated (depolarized). Depolarization leads to release of neurotransmitter allowing a host of different effects from nerves depending on the neurotransmitter type and target.